Somatoform Diseases

Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness in localized areas. It is often accompanied by sleep disturbances, headaches, and memory problems. The exact cause of fibromyalgia is unknown, but it is believed to be related to the abnormal processing of pain signals in the central nervous system. Treatment includes medication for pain and other symptoms, exercise, and stress management.

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/ Chronic fatigue syndrome is a complex and debilitating disorder characterized by severe fatigue that is not relieved by rest and is accompanied by a range of symptoms such as cognitive impairment, headaches, and muscle pain. Its cause is unknown, but it is believed to be related to abnormal immune function, genetic factors, or viral infections. Treatment includes a combination of medications, lifestyle changes, and cognitive behavioural therapy.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the colon and rectum. It causes symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and rectal bleeding. The exact cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown, but it is believed to be related to abnormal immune function. Treatment includes medication to reduce inflammation, dietary changes, and surgery in severe cases.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. It is a functional disorder, meaning that there is no underlying physical cause for the symptoms. Treatment includes dietary changes, stress management, and medication to relieve symptoms such as constipation or diarrhoea.